英语写作常用语法:四级翻译真题黄河

来源: 发布时间:2022-07-14 22:22:12

英语写作常用语法分析,首先通读全文,理解段落的逻辑,看是否需要进行重组。黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。黄河发源于青海,流经九个省份,最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。

英语写作常用语法分析,看看四级真题。

  • 黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。黄河发源于青海,流经九个省份,最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。黄河流域(river basin)是中国古代文明的诞生地,也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。然而,由于极具破坏力的洪水频发,黄河曾造成多次灾害。在过去几十年里,政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。

首先通读全文,理解段落的逻辑,看是否需要进行重组。

本段话共7句,原文句间逻辑关系总体上已经很清楚。

第五句“是中国古代文明的诞生地,也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区”,依然可以处理为not only ... but also的结构:不仅是诞生地,也是最繁荣的地区。

其他句子,基本上不需要再作调整,可以直接翻译。

  • 黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。

黄河是the Yellow River,也可以叫Huang He,两个都行,前者更为通用。

从翻译技巧的角度,在处理人名、地名等特殊名词或概念时,如果担心译名不够准确,可以译名叠加拼音

比如这里黄河拼音是Huang He,为中国人熟悉,但直接写拼音,英文读者可能不能马上get到它为什么叫黄河;


而Yellow River的译名,则能让老外知道它的首要特点:河水为黄色。


这时,处理为the Yellow River (Huang He)、 the Yellow River or Huang He、the Yellow River (also known as Huang He),可以让读者更好地了解到河流名称的渊源,有助于理解。

因此译名和拼音两个名称同时写出来,对于读者很友好(reader-friendly)。

这种译名叠加拼音的写法,就是先写译名,再用or或用一对括号引出拼音即可。括号也可以换成一对逗号,处理为插入语

  • the Yellow River, Huang He,

  • the Yellow River, Huang He,

  • the Yellow River, also known as Huang He,

亚洲第三长:the third longest river in Asia

世界第六长:the sixth longest in the world

整句话比较简单:The Yellow River, or Huang He, is the third-longest river in China and the sixth-longest in the world.


river可以与river system互换:The Yellow River, or Huang He, is the third-longest river in China and the sixth-longest river system in the world.


  • “黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。


描述:describe、picture都很不错,还可以用depict(不过这是六级词汇,四级不作硬性要求)


浑浊”一词可能大家容易想到的就是dark,也勉强。其实用yellow就行:The word "yellow“ describes the yellow color of the river water.

结合生活实际,黄河水“黄”的原因是因为淤泥、泥沙,因此也可以说是多泥的水:muddy waters。(表示水域,water用复数:waters


这句话的意思就是,它之所以被叫“黄河”就是因为河水黄。

所以翻译时除了直译“描述”,还可以写成因果逻辑。例如:The reason why it is called "yellow" is that its water is yellow.

The reason for such a name lies in the yellow color of the river water.

The river gets its name from the (yellow) color of its muddy waters.

  • 黄河发源于青海,流经九个省份,最后注入渤海。

发源于”:originate(origin是名词:起源、来源)

流经”就是“经过”:flow through、run through,travel through也很棒


渤海”:Bohai Sea。注意渤海不说Bo Sea,因为这个读起来和西语有点像,对于英文读者比较容易产生误解。因此叫Bohai Sea。

最后注入渤海

注入”简单一点就是enter或flow into,另外一个专业的搭配叫empty into

最后”,不必死板译为finally(当然finally并没有错),可以用before、after这样的衔接词:“在注入渤海之前,它流经九个省份”。


还可以把finally与before结合:The Yellow River originates in Qinghai Province, and runs through nine provinces before it finally empties into the Bohai Sea.


The Yellow River originates in Qinghai Province, and runs through nine provinces before finally emptying into the Bohai Sea.

  • 黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。

赖以生存”就是指对生存非常重要、非常关键、不可或缺,最简单的就是important了。

The Yellow River is one of the few important/critical/essential rivers in China.

也可以说中国的生存依赖于这几条重要的河流:

The Yellow River is one of the few important/critical/essential rivers that China relies on for survival.

  • 黄河流域(river basin)是中国古代文明的诞生地,也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。

诞生地即出生地:birth place,也可以处理为“摇篮”cradle。

繁荣:properous

中国早期历史上:in the early days of China's history; in China's early history

逻辑上补充not only ... but also即可:

Not only is the river basin the cradle of ancient Chinese civilization, it was also the most prosperous area in/throughout the early days of China's history.

  • 然而,由于极具破坏力的洪水频发,黄河曾造成多次灾害。

洪水:flood(可数)

频发:可以处理为动词happen/occur frequently,也可以处理为名词frequent occurrence

极具破坏力的:destructive

灾难:disaster(这个词表示抽象意义的灾难时,不可数)


However, because destructive floods occured frequently, the Yellow River once caused many disasters.

However, because of frequent occurence of destructive floods, the Yellow River once caused many disasters.

  • 在过去几十年里,政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。

这句话词汇和句型都比较简单。

采取措施可以说take measures、take action

防止:prevent/stop + from doing

几十年:一个十年叫decade,几十年就是“几个十年”,即several decades

In the past several/few decades, the government has taken various measures to prevent disasters.

全文如下:

The Yellow River, or Huang He, is the third-longest river in China and the sixth-longest river system in the world. The river gets its name from the (yellow) color of its muddy waters. The Yellow River originates in Qinghai Province, and runs through nine provinces before finally emptying into the Bohai Sea. The Yellow River is one of the few important/critical/essential rivers that China relies on for survival. Not only is the river basin the cradle of ancient Chinese civilization, it was also the most prosperous area throughout the early days of China's history. However, because of frequent occurrence of destructive floods, the Yellow River once caused many disasters. In the past several decades, the government has taken various measures to prevent disasters.

写完检查、优化一下:

  • yellow就是一种颜色,再加一个color就很啰嗦了,因此删掉color

  • “one of the few important/critical/essential rivers that China relies on for survival”原本是一个独立的句子,处理为了一个as引导的状语,与not only ... but also ...进行了合并。

  • disaster挨着两句重复用了,有点乏味,第二个disaster换成了tragedy。

  • 英语老师GQY

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