英文写作高分技巧:常用副词讲解,这一篇讲解几组常用的副词,适当使用可以使写作表达更加简洁地道。
environmentally表示在环境方面。属于范围副词,多用来修饰形容词。最常用的一个固定短语就是environmentally friendly(环境友好的)。需要注意:environmentally friendly中间不用加连字符:environmentally-friendly,因为副词可以直接修饰形容词,其他的副词+形容词也是如此。还有另一种写法:environment-friendly,这里的连字符就不能省略,因为environment是名词,只有构成合成词才能放在friendly前面:environment-friendly=friendly to the environment除了environmentally friendly,还有一些非常常用的搭配,比如:environmentally damaging对环境有害的=damaging to theenvironmentenvironmentally beneficial对环境有益的=beneficial to the environment
environmentally aware有环保意识的=aware of environmental protection
politically、economically、culturally、academically、commercially、socially、globally
【与人相关】physically、mentally、emotionally、psychologically、morally这些范围副词可以修饰形容词或动作,比如下面两句外刊中的句子:
1) The allure of many environmentally beneficial technologies is that they also hold the eventual promise of being economically efficient.许多对环境有益的技术的吸引力在于,它们最终也有望实现经济高效。
2) The other key is to stay healthy, physically and mentally.另一个关键方式就是保持身体和心理健康。
在写作中写到具体影响的方面时,就可以用到这些副词。如:
The pandemic may deal a heavy blow to a country both economically and culturally.疫情会对国家的经济和文化造成严重打击。= The pandemic may deal a heavy blow to both a country's economy and culture.
partly/largely是程度副词,表示在一定程度上/在很大程度上。如:rely partly/largely on。在写作中适当地适应,可以避免内容过于绝对。比如下面这句话:Whether graduates can land decent jobs depends on their educational background.毕业生是否能找到好工作取决于其教育背景。
这句话的说法就很绝对,因为因素不可能只有educational background这一个。在depend后面加个largely,就可以使整句话更加合理:Whether graduates can land decent jobs depends largely on their educational background.partly/largely常与表示原因的表达或结构搭配,表示部分原因/主要原因:
Carbon emissions are largely to blame for global warming.碳排放是造成全球变暖的主要原因。
Many children are addicted to online games partly because they lack parental company.很多孩子沉迷于网络游戏,部分原因是缺乏父母的陪伴。
类似的程度副词还有:
commonly、generally、widely、mostly、mainly
potentially表示可能地,是potential(可能的;潜能)的副词形式。potentially常用于修饰形容词, 与possibly是同义词。如:one potentially alarming trend一个可能令人担忧的趋势。
如果是放在句子表语中,很多情况下就相当于may be。如:
This policy is potentially disadvantageous to students from deprived backgrounds.该政策可能不利于寒门学子。
=This policy may be disadvantageous to students from deprived backgrounds.【这里的may be不能写成了maybe(副词)】
如果不是放在谓语的位置,而是放在句子其它位置,比如放在状语前面修饰状语,此时就只能使用副词potentially/possibly,不能用may。如:
1 That puts even more financial pressure on firms, potentially leading to more job loss.这给各大企业造成了甚至更大的财政负担,从而可能会导致更多的工作流失。
2 Supertasters tend to be leaner than the general population, possibly because they often find fatty foods distasteful.超级品酒师往往比普通大众更瘦,可能是因为他们经常觉得脂肪食物令人厌恶。
再比如两个表语形容词并列,需要对其中一个形容词进行额外的修饰,表示可能,使用potentially/possibly就比may be更简洁地道:
Mobile health apps are becoming more capable and potentially rather useful.移动健康应用变得功能越来越强大,而且可能相当有用。
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