外刊精选长难句解析

来源: 发布时间:2022-08-07 13:10:58

在本专栏当中,我会从经济学人等外刊当中选取一些词汇用法和句子语法上的难点进行深度解剖,外刊精选长难句解析​所选取的难点一般是较为常见的,在各大英文考试当中也会出现的语言点。此专栏不定时更新。

在本专栏当中,我会从经济学人等外刊当中选取一些词汇用法句子语法上的难点进行深度解剖,外刊精选长难句解析所选取的难点一般是较为常见的,在各大英文考试当中也会出现的语言点。此专栏不定时更新。

In rich countries, streaming could let gamers play anywhere, not just at homedoing for games what Spotify and Netflix have done for music and films.在发达国家,流式传输可以使得玩家在任何地方开始游戏,不仅仅是在家里。流式传输对游戏的改变相当于Spotify和Netflix已经对音乐和电影做出的改变(流媒体)。

背景介绍:Spotify是全球最大的流音乐平台;Netflix,俗称网飞,是美国一家在线视频平台,类似于中国的腾讯视频。
这句话的难点在于破折号后面的成分:doing for games what Spotify and Netflix have done for music and films

破折号在这里起到了解释说明的作用,paraphrase前面一句话。对于大多数读者来说,通过前面的let gamers play anywhere, not just at home,已经可以知道streaming对games的影响了,因此这个解释说明显得非常次要,即使去掉也不影响,因此放在破折号当中,而不是用逗号:

In rich countries, streaming could let gamers play anywhere, not just at home, doing for games what Spotify and Netflix have done for music and films.

doing for games what Spotify and Netflix have done for music and films是分词结构作状语,其逻辑主语就是前面句子的主语streaming。为了便于分析,将其单独写成一句话:

Streaming is doing for games what Spotify and Netflix have done for music and films.【表示现阶段正在发生的事,因此用is doing,而不是does】

for gameswhat Spotify and Netflix have done for music and films是两个独立的成分,分别为状语名词从句。for games作为状语,不能充当doing后面的宾语,因此宾语是后面的what Spotify and Netflix have done for music and films。即:
Streaming is doingwhat Spotify and Netflix have done for music and films” for games.

这样写的话,从修辞的角度来说就存在严重的问题:what引导的是个名词从句,是一个“句”,属于较长的成分。这个“句”分隔了doing和重要信息for games,导致整句话头重脚轻,句子结构不平衡。因此,native speaker就发明了一种方法:宾语后置。目的就是将较长的成分置后,将更关键的信息放在前面,使得读者更快地在脑中构建句子主要信息。

英文中有个写作句型和这句话很类似:A is to B what C is to DA对B而言正如C对D一样。比如:Skills are to workers what knowledge is to students.技能对于工作者的重要性正如知识对学生的重要性
在这句话中,to workers是作状语,而are后面的表语是名词从句what knowledge is to students。“原语序”为:Skills are “what knowledge is to students” to workers.

如果将what knowledge is to students替换成形容词important,就成了:

Skills are important to workers.

可见,对于一些语法和结构,不必死记硬背,理解其背后的逻辑和构造,自然就记住了。

外刊这句话中还有个细节需要注意:not just引导一个并列结构,即at home与anywhere在语法上并列。并列结构中的几个成分需在语法成分上保持一致,anywhere是副词,而at home是介词短语,两者均是作状语,因此可以并列。如果将at home写成home,就是语法错误了:

In rich countries, streaming could let gamers play anywhere, not just home.(X)

再比如下面这句话中的elsewherein its imaging division

The firm’s gaming division is now its largest. Its recent success has cushioned the impact of problems elsewhere, such as in its imaging division.该公司的游戏分部是其目前最大的部门。其近期的成功抵消了这些问题对其他部门的影响,比如其成像部门

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