外刊中的写作表达方式：take a toll(on)
在本专栏当中，我会从近期的外刊中精选一些地道的表达和句型进行精讲。所选取的外刊中的写作表达方式一般都是一些可以用于各类话题的通用表达或者常用表达。
①Economic jolts have taken a toll on business aviation, which had barely recovered from the financial crisis of 2008-09. ②Annual sales of new planes fell by almost half from a peak of 1,200 in 2008 to 700 a year.
经济波动给商务航空带来了损失，而商务航空几乎没有从2008-2009年的金融危机中恢复过来。新飞机的年销售量从2008年的最高值1200架减少到每年700架，减少了近一半。
toll是个考试词汇，有1过路费；2伤亡人数的意思。这两个意思在写作中几乎用不到。除此之外，toll有个非常实用的意思：严重的影响。
再比如疫情对很多行业产生了严重影响：
①The commercial-aviation business will be smaller for years to come. ②Yet opportunities abound, especially if legacy carriers fail to adapt.
未来数年，商用航空业务规模将缩小。然而机会还是很多的，尤其是如果传统运营商不能适应市场行情的话。
abound是个不及物动词，表示大量存在(to exist in very large numbers)。类似于there are many sth。如：
Job opportunities abound in large cities.大城市的工作机会很多。
【同义替换】sth are plentiful/abundant | Jobs are plentiful/abundant today.当今的工作很多。
原语序为：
abound还有一个固定短语：abound with/in sth，相比于be full of来说更加书面化。比如上面的Job opportunities abound in large cities.这句话也可以改为：Large cities abound with/in job opportunities.
①Most traditional public districts in the state had enrolment declines this year in comparison with last year. ②Some of the decline is no cause for concern. ③A portion of Massachusetts public-school pupils are probably attending classes out of state, while others are leaving for charter schools, private schools or home-schooling.
与去年相比，该州大多数传统公共地区今年的入学率都有所下降。有些下降是不值得担心的。马萨诸塞州公立学校的一部分学生可能在州外上课，而其他学生则是前往特许学校、私立学校或接受家庭教育。
cause在这里表示理由；动机(a reason for having particular feelings or behaving in a particular way)，既可作不可数名词，也可以是可数名词。此时后面接介词for，而不是常规的of(如Another cause of this problem is...)，即cause for sth。这里的sth是指某种情绪/行为，常用的有：
贬义：concern/anxiety/worry/pessimism
However, there is still some cause for celebration/optimism.然而，仍然有保持乐观的理由。
