外刊中的写作表达方式:eliminate the need for

来源: 发布时间:2022-07-23 16:48:05

在本专栏当中,我会从近期的外刊中精选一些地道的表达和句型进行精讲。所选取的外刊中的写作表达方式一般都是一些可以用于各类话题的通用表达或者常用表达。

在本专栏当中,我会从近期的外刊中精选一些地道的表达和句型进行精讲。所选取的外刊中的写作表达方式一般都是一些可以用于各类话题的通用表达或者常用表达。
1 eliminate the need for

Automation can create more demand for goods and services. Francis Miers argues that his firm’s technology does not eliminate the need for developers: “It just makes them more productive.”自动化可以创造更多的商品和服务需求。弗兰西斯迈尔斯声称,他公司的技术并未消除对开发人员的需求:“自动化只会提高他们的效率。”

eliminate the need for是个固定短语,表示使...不必要。相当于make...unnecessary/redundant。再比如:The credit card eliminates the need for cash.有了信用卡就不用带现金了

make...unnecessary相比,eliminate the need for可以使得句子信息更加凝练:当make...unnecessary中的宾语较长时,例如make developers who lack professional expertise unnecessarymake和unnecessary相隔较远,使得同一个意群的信息很分散,此时改为eliminate the need for developers who lack professional expertise就会使表达效果更好。
如果eliminate the need后果要接动作,则使用eliminate the need to do,相当于make it unnecessary to do sth。如:The credit card eliminates the need to carry cash.当该结构中的do即使不提,也不影响读者理解时,比如这句中的carry,那么使用eliminate the need for会更加简洁。
反义表达necessitate使...必要Increased traffic necessitates widening the road.交通量增大,就需要拓宽道路(necessitate+doing sth/sth)
英文中还有很多make...adj结构都可以替换成更“高级”的及物动词形式。过段时间将推出一期文章,专门对这类词汇做个汇总。

2 less of a something

Jobs in health care, recreation and hospitality report the highest level of job openings. By contrast, in industries where maintaining social distancing or being outside is often easier, labour shortages are less of an issue.医疗、娱乐和餐饮这几个领域出现了最多的岗位空缺。而在更容易保持社交距离或在室外工作的行业中,劳动力空缺问题出现的更少

less of a something来源于短语much of a something,用来描述事物某种属性的程度,可以理解为“很,十分”。如 much of a risk=very risky | much of a problem=a big problem。less of a something是比较级的形式,与之相反的就是more of a something

在这句话中,less of an issue比较的是industries where...being outside和health care, recreation and hospitality两类行业,By contrast表明了这一比较关系。即labour shortages这一问题对于前者更严重。 原文的less of an issue就相当于less severe。
再比如:Modern transportation has made moving from place to place less of an ordeal.当代交通使得旅行不再那么折磨人=Modern transportation has made moving from place to place less painful.

写作中还可以构造一个句型:

sth/sb is more of a A than a B与其说某事/某人是B,不如说其是A。如:
Technology is more of a mixed blessing than a boon for humankind.与其说科技是人类的福利,不如说科技是把双刃剑。【a mixed blessing=a double-edged sword有利有弊的事物】

3 concern/relate to

There are three reasons to believe that the pandemic will have only a modest impact on automation. The first reason concerns levels of investment. Companies shun capital spending when uncertainty is high, which it is at present.有三大理由相信,此次疫情对自动化只会产生较小的影响。第一个理由涉及到投资程度。当不确定性很大时,公司会避免资本支出,而目前的不确定性就很大

concern这个词大家很熟悉,在这里表示与...相关;涉及。意思上相当于更常见的be concerned with。如This chapter concerns/is concerned with the historical background.这一章是关于历史背景的

如果将原句中的concerns改为is,从内容上来说就有问题了:The first reason is levels of investment.(X)。因为levels of investment本身并非原因,原因是后面提到的公司对于投资的态度(companies' attitude towards investment)。
除了concern之外,还有个常用表达:relate to,也可用于引导宽泛的论点。在段落中心句中就可以使用到。造个句:

An important reason for some children's poor academic performance relates to/concerns their family background. Those from disadvantaged backgrounds, who are often financially incapable of signing up for tutoring classes, are highly likely to lag behind their better-off peers academically.有些孩子成绩差的一个重要原因跟家庭背景有关。家庭条件差的孩子通常没有钱报课外补习班,因此成绩很容易落后于家庭条件更好的同学

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