在本专栏中，我会选取英文写作当中常见的同义替换进行讲解，所讲解的英语写作中高级同义词替换词汇表达为通用词汇或者话题词汇。虽然是“同义替换”，但是每个词在意思/搭配/使用语境等方面会有一些细微的区别，写作中需要格外注意。
1 有利的(be beneficial to)
helpful、advantageous、favourable、conducive
在be adj to这些短语当中，to为介词，因此后面如果是动词，需要变成ing形式。如Exercise is beneficial to keeping in shape.不能写成了Exercise is beneficial to keep in shape.
①Cycling is highly beneficial to health and the environment.骑车非常有助于健康和环境。②Exercise is helpful for controlling high blood pressure.运动有助于控制高血压。【helpful后面如果接动词，要用be helpful for/in doing，而不是be helpful to do sth】
③It may be advantageous for new workers to receive prior training.提前接受培训可能对新员工有帮助。【advantageous多指对人有利】【反义词：disadvantageous】④a financial environment that is favorable to job creation有助于创造就业的金融环境。【反义词：unfavourable】
⑤Teachers need to create an atmosphere that is conducive to learning.老师需要创造一个有利于学习的氛围。【conducive指有助于某事发生】
2 有害的(harmful)
detrimental、damaging、hazardous
三个词均来源于名词“危害”：detriment、damage、hazard。①Smoking is harmful to smokers and non-smokers alike.吸烟对吸烟者和非吸烟者都有害。②Overexposure to sunlight can have a detrimental effect on the skin.晒太阳时间过长会危害皮肤。③The new tax laws could be very damaging for small businesses.新的税法可能很不利于小型企业。
④These chemicals are hazardous to human health.这些化学物质对人体健康有害。【hazardous的程度要大于前面三个，多指对健康或安全的危害】
impact(v)、impinge on、disrupt、have a adj effect/impact/influence on、have a bearing on①The tax increase will impact (on) low-income families the most.税收增加影响最大的将是低收入家庭。【impact表示影响较大】②Her work is impinging on her social life.她的工作影响着她的社交生活。【impinge on表示负面影响】③Climate change could disrupt the agricultural economy.气候变化可能会严重影响农业经济。【disrupt表示严重影响，使某事无法继续】④Internet shopping has begun to have a serious impact on traditional bookshops.网络购物已经开始严重影响传统书店了。
⑤Exercise has a direct bearing on how healthy people are.运动直接影响人们的健康。【否定：have no bearing on对...没有影响】
be associated with、be linked to/with、be connected with/to、be tied to这几个短语之间的区别不大，几乎可以通用。虽然是表示“与...相关”，但很多时候其实都带有原因关系。①There are several risks associated with this approach.该方法有一些风险。②High cholesterol is linked to an increased risk of heart attacks.高胆固醇会增加心脏病发作的风险。③Interest rats are tied to the rate of inflation.利率与通货膨胀率相关。【be tied to还有与...挂钩的意思】
④problems connected with lack of exercise运动不足导致的问题
advance、boom、thrive/prosper①Information technology has advanced dramatically since the 1960s.20世纪60年代以来，信息科技快速发展。【advance常表示科技的发展】②Tourism on the island has boomed.这个岛上的旅游业繁荣发展。【boom表示行业、领域的繁荣发展】
③New businesses thrive/prosper in this area.新企业在这一地区蓬勃发展。【与boom类似，thrive/prosper一般指商业/经济方面的繁荣发展】
6 重要(important/significant)crucial/vital、essential、matter/count、indispensable、be of adj importancecrucial/vital/essential表示非常重要的，程度要大于important。①Parents play a crucial role in preparing their children for adult life.父母在为孩子准备成人生活方面起着至关重要的作用。②Skilful employees are vital to the success of any company.有技能的员工对任何公司的成功来说都极其重要。③It is essential that all equipment is properly maintained.保证所有设备都合理维持很有必要。④People need to realise that education matters/counts.人们需要意识到教育的重要性。【sth matters/counts相当于sth is important】⑤Smartphones have become an indispensable part of our lives.智能手机已经成为了我们生活中不可或缺的一部分。【indispensable: 必不可少的】
⑥Customer satisfaction is of paramount importance to a company.客户满意度对公司来说极其重要。
result from、arise from、stem from①We are still dealing with problems resulting from errors made in the past.我们仍然在处理由过去犯的错误所导致的问题。
②Emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical cause.身体原因可以引起情绪或精神上的问题。
③High asset prices stem from low inflation and interest rates.高房价是由低通货膨胀率和利率造成的。
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